WE TALK ABOUT GURGAON (GURUGRAM)

Gurugram, formerly known as Gurgaon, is a city in Haryana, adjacent to the New Market area of ​​the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is located 32 km southwest of Delhi. With a population of 879,996 in 2011, it is the second most populous city in Haryana after Faridabad. Gurugram is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and forms part of the National Capital Region.

It has the third highest per capita income in India, after Chandigarh and Mumbai.[7]

According to popular belief, during the Mahabharata period, King Yudhishthira of Indraprastha (present-day Delhi) gave this village to his guru Dronacharya.[8] It was named Gurugram after him, which later changed to Gurgaon. The great devotee of his guru, Ekalavya, has a deep connection with Gurgaon. It was at this place that Guru Dronacharya asked for Ekalavya's thumb. During the Mughal period, it was part of the Agra province, while during the British period, it was part of the Delhi district. Until the 1950s, Gurugram was a small village with an economy based on agriculture. The soil here was of poorer quality than surrounding areas, and as a result, land prices were significantly lower. Taking advantage of this, several companies began establishing industrial areas here in the 1980s and 1990s.[9][10]

History

Ancient History

According to the Mahabharata, the region was given by the Pandava king Yudhishthira to his guru Dronacharya as gurudakshina. It later came under the Mauryan Empire, followed by the Pahlavi and Kushan empires in the following years, before falling into the hands of the Yadava rulers when they defeated the Kushans in the region between the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers. After the Yadavas, the region was ruled by the Kshatrapa king Rudradaman I, followed by the Gupta dynasty, and later by the Huns, who were overthrown by Yashodharman of Mandsaur and then Yashovarman of Kannauj. After them, the region was ruled by Harsha (590-467 BCE) and the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (mid-7th century to mid-11th century). The Tomara dynasty established their kingdom in 756, replacing the Pratiharas, who were defeated by King Visaladeva Chauhan of the Chauhan dynasty in 1156. By 1182, the Chauhan dynasty extended to Gurugram, Nuh, Bhiwani, and Rewari.

After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192, the region came under the Delhi Sultanate. In 1206, Delhi Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aibak defeated and killed Prithviraj's son Hemraj for attacking Mewat. Around the same time, Sayyid Waji-ud-din attacked the Meo Hindus, but they defeated and killed him. After this, Aibak's nephew Miran Hussain Jang attacked them again and was successful. In 1249, Balban killed 2,000 Meos when they rebelled. In 1257-58, Meo rebels again stole a large number of camels from Balban's army. Enraged by this, Balban invaded their territory in 1260, immediately killing 250 Meo prisoners and then slaughtering 12,000 women and children, leaving only the men alive.

At the time of Timurlang's invasion of India in 1398, the region was ruled by a king named Sambar Pal, known as Bahadur Nahar. He built the fort of Kotla Bahadur Nahar near the Kotla Lake in the village of Kotla in Nuh. Sambar Pal surrendered to Timur upon his invasion, converted to Islam, and continued to rule under the name Raja Nahar Khan. In 1421, Sultan Khizr Khan of the Sayyid dynasty of Delhi defeated Bahadur Nahar's son, Jalal Khan, at Mewat and the Kotla Fort. In 1425, Bahadur Nahar's grandsons, Jalal Khan and Abdul Qadir, rose in rebellion against the Delhi Sultanate and were defeated by the then Sultan Mubarak Shah (1421-1434), who annexed their kingdom and executed Qadir. Jalal, however, continued the original rebellion against the Delhi Sultanate. In 1527, Hasan Khan Mewati, a descendant of Sambar Pal, fought on the side of the Rajput king Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa, where he was defeated by Babur, and his son Nahar Khan II continued to rule the region under Mughal protection.

During Akbar's reign, Gurugram was part of the provinces of Delhi and Agra. As the Mughal Empire's power began to decline, the region was divided among several local rulers. After Aurangzeb's death, Bahadurgarh and Farrukhnagar, located in the north of Gurugram district, were under the control of Baloch Nawabs, who were granted jagirs by Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar in 1713. The central area around Badshahpur was under the rule of the Hindu Badgujar Rajput king Hathi Singh, and the southern part (including Nuh) was under the control of Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur State. During the reign of the Maratha Empire in the late 18th century, the region was conquered by several French generals, who placed Farukhnagar under the rule of George Thomas, Jharsa (Badshahpur) under the Begum Sumero, and the southern region, including Nuh, under the Raja of Bharatpur and his relatives, one of whom was Nahar Singh.Gurugram, formerly known as Gurgaon, is a city in Haryana, adjacent to the New Market area of ​​the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is located 32 km southwest of Delhi. With a population of 879,996 in 2011, it is the second most populous city in Haryana after Faridabad. Gurugram is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and forms part of the National Capital Region.

After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192, the region came under the Delhi Sultanate. In 1206, Delhi Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aibak defeated and killed Prithviraj's son Hemraj for attacking Mewat. Around the same time, Sayyid Waji-ud-din attacked the Meo Hindus, but they defeated and killed him. After this, Aibak's nephew Miran Hussain Jang attacked them again and was successful. In 1249, Balban killed 2,000 Meos when they rebelled. In 1257-58, Meo rebels again stole a large number of camels from Balban's army. Enraged by this, Balban invaded their territory in 1260, immediately killing 250 Meo prisoners and then slaughtering 12,000 women and children, leaving only the men alive.

At the time of Timurlang's invasion of India in 1398, the region was ruled by a king named Sambar Pal, known as Bahadur Nahar. He built the fort of Kotla Bahadur Nahar near the Kotla Lake in the village of Kotla in Nuh. Sambar Pal surrendered to Timur upon his invasion, converted to Islam, and continued to rule under the name Raja Nahar Khan. In 1421, Sultan Khizr Khan of the Sayyid dynasty of Delhi defeated Bahadur Nahar's son, Jalal Khan, at Mewat and the Kotla Fort. In 1425, Bahadur Nahar's grandsons, Jalal Khan and Abdul Qadir, rose in rebellion against the Delhi Sultanate and were defeated by the then Sultan Mubarak Shah (1421-1434), who annexed their kingdom and executed Qadir. Jalal, however, continued the original rebellion against the Delhi Sultanate. In 1527, Hasan Khan Mewati, a descendant of Sambar Pal, fought on the side of the Rajput king Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa, where he was defeated by Babur, and his son Nahar Khan II continued to rule the region under Mughal protection.

During Akbar's reign, Gurugram was part of the provinces of Delhi and Agra. As the Mughal Empire's power began to decline, the region was divided among several local rulers. After Aurangzeb's death, Bahadurgarh and Farrukhnagar, located in the north of Gurugram district, were under the control of Baloch Nawabs, who were granted jagirs by Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar in 1713. The central area around Badshahpur was under the rule of the Hindu Badgujar Rajput king Hathi Singh, and the southern part (including Nuh) was under the control of Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur State. During the reign of the Maratha Empire in the late 18th century, the region was conquered by several French generals, who placed Farukhnagar under the rule of George Thomas, Jharsa (Badshahpur) under the Begum Sumero, and the southern region, including Nuh, under the Raja of Bharatpur and his relatives, one of whom was Nahar Singh.

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